Internship
Student login
← VLSI Design learning path
VLSI Design · Module 2 of 10

Digital logic basics

The building blocks every chip uses.

📖 Key ideas

  1. Digital circuits work with 0 and 1.
  2. Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR.
  3. NAND and NOR are universal: any circuit can be built from them.
  4. Combinational logic output depends only on current inputs, like an adder or multiplexer.
  5. Sequential logic has memory, using flip-flops driven by a clock.
💡 Real-life example: Like light switches wired in series (AND) or parallel (OR) to decide when a bulb turns on.
Logic gateCircuit performing a basic logic operation
Combinational logicOutput depends only on inputs now
Sequential logicOutput also depends on stored state
Flip-flopOne-bit memory element