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Operating Systems · Module 8 of 10

File systems and storage

Organise data on disks.

📖 Key ideas

  1. File systems organise files and directories: NTFS, ext4, APFS, FAT32.
  2. Allocation methods: contiguous, linked, indexed.
  3. Directory structures: single-level, tree, graph.
  4. Disk scheduling: FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN.
  5. Permissions protect files.
💡 Real-life example: A file system is a library catalogue: it knows which shelf (disk block) every book (file) sits on.
File systemMethod of storing files
InodeUnix file metadata structure
Indexed allocationIndex block lists file blocks
SCANElevator disk scheduling