Embedded Systems · Module 1 of 10

What are embedded systems?

Computers built into devices to do specific jobs.

📖 Key ideas

An embedded system is a computer dedicated to a specific function inside a device.
Examples: washing machines, car ECUs, pacemakers, routers, smart meters.
Components: microcontroller/processor, memory, I/O, sensors, actuators, power.
Often have real-time and low-power requirements.
Programmed mostly in C and C++.

💡 Real-life example: An embedded system is a small brain hidden inside a machine, doing one job very reliably.

Embedded systemDedicated computer inside a device

MicrocontrollerCPU, memory and I/O on one chip

FirmwareSoftware running on embedded hardware

Real-timeMust respond within deadlines