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Cybersecurity & Ethical Hacking · Module 3 of 10

Common threats

Recognise the threats organisations face.

📖 Key ideas

Malware: viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, spyware.
Phishing tricks people into revealing data or clicking links.
Social engineering exploits human trust.
Denial of service makes services unavailable.
Insider threats and weak passwords remain major risks.

💡 Real-life example: Phishing is a fake bank clerk on the phone: the trick works on people, not computers.

MalwareMalicious software

PhishingDeceptive messages to steal data

RansomwareEncrypts data and demands payment

Social engineeringManipulating people