Programming paradigms and compilers

Languages follow paradigms and are translated to machine code.

📖 Key ideas

Imperative code says how to do steps; declarative code says what result you want (SQL).
Object-oriented programming groups data and behaviour in objects.
Functional programming uses pure functions and immutable data.
Compilers translate the whole program ahead of time (C, Go, Rust).
Interpreters run code line by line (Python); JIT compilers mix both (Java, JavaScript).

💡 Real-life example: A compiler is a translator who translates a whole book before printing; an interpreter translates sentence by sentence as you listen.

CompilerTranslates code before running

InterpreterRuns code line by line

JITCompiles while the program runs

DeclarativeDescribe the result, not the steps