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Arduino · Module 5 of 10

PWM and actuators

Control brightness, motors and servos.

📖 Key ideas

  1. analogWrite(pin, 0–255) outputs PWM on ~ pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11).
  2. PWM dims LEDs and controls motor speed.
  3. Servo library: myServo.write(90) sets angle.
  4. DC motors need a motor driver (L298N/L293D).
  5. Buzzers play tones with tone(pin, frequency).
💡 Real-life example: PWM is blinking a light so fast your eyes see it as dimmer or brighter.
PWMPulse Width Modulation
analogWriteOutputs PWM value 0–255
ServoMotor with angle control
Motor driverSupplies current to motors