InternshipPython quick reference
Common built-ins and methods on one page.
| Built-in | Purpose |
|---|---|
print(x) | Show a value |
input(text) | Read a line typed by the user, as a string |
len(x) | Number of items |
range(a, b) | Numbers from a up to, but not including, b |
int() / float() / str() | Convert a value |
sum() / min() / max() | Total, smallest and largest |
sorted(x) | A new sorted list |
enumerate(x) | Pairs of index and item for a loop |
zip(a, b) | Walk two sequences together |
| Method | Purpose |
|---|---|
s.strip() | Remove spaces from both ends |
s.split(",") | Break a string into a list |
",".join(items) | Join a list into a string |
s.lower() / s.upper() | Change case |
list.append(x) | Add to the end |
list.pop() | Remove and return the last item |
list.sort() | Sort in place |
dict.get(k, d) | Value for k, or d if it is missing |
dict.items() | Key and value pairs for a loop |
- Virtual environment: python -m venv .venv keeps project packages separate.
- Install a package: pip install requests
- Save your packages: pip freeze > requirements.txt