Python – 100+ Lab Exercises (Basic, Intermediate, Advanced)

🔰 Basic Level (30+ Exercises)

 

Goal: Understand core Python syntax, data types, and control flow.

 

Python Fundamentals

  • Print "Hello, World!"

  • Accept user input and print it.

  • Use type() to display variable types.

  • Perform basic arithmetic operations.

Variables & Data Types

  • Define int, float, str, bool, complex.

  • Use typecasting between data types.

  • Create and manipulate strings with methods (.upper(), .find()).

  • Work with len(), min(), max().

Control Structures

  • Write a simple if, elif, else condition.

  • Use for and while loops.

  • Create a multiplication table.

  • Check for prime numbers.

  • Implement a basic calculator using if statements.

Collections

  • Create and manipulate a list, tuple, set, and dictionary.

  • Slice lists and access nested collections.

  • Add, remove, and update dictionary items.

  • Convert between data types (e.g., list to set).

Functions

  • Write functions with default and keyword arguments.

  • Use *args and **kwargs.

  • Create a recursive function (e.g., factorial).

  • Use lambda, map(), filter(), and reduce().

 

🚀 Intermediate Level (40+ Exercises)

 

Goal: Strengthen algorithmic thinking, file handling, OOP, and error handling.

 

File I/O

  • Read from and write to a .txt file.

  • Count words/lines in a file.

  • Parse a CSV file manually.

  • Log errors in a file.

String & List Algorithms

  • Reverse a string.

  • Check for palindrome and anagram.

  • Remove duplicates from a list.

  • Flatten a nested list.

  • Find the most frequent element in a list.

Object-Oriented Programming

  • Create a class with attributes and methods.

  • Use constructors (__init__).

  • Inherit from a base class.

  • Use method overriding and super().

  • Implement encapsulation with private/protected members.

Exception Handling

  • Handle ZeroDivisionError, ValueError, FileNotFoundError.

  • Use try-except-finally blocks.

  • Raise custom exceptions.

Modules & Packages

  • Import and use built-in modules (math, datetime, random).

  • Create a custom module and import it.

  • Organize code using packages (__init__.py).

  • Use dir() and help().

Date & Time

  • Get the current date and time.

  • Calculate the difference between two dates.

  • Convert timestamp to datetime.

 

🧠 Advanced Level (40+ Exercises)

 

Objective: Explore web APIs, testing, multithreading, decorators, and project-level development.

 

Web Scraping & APIs

  • Make API calls using requests.

  • Parse JSON data from an API response.

  • Web scrape a site using BeautifulSoup.

  • Automate Google search queries.

Threading & Concurrency

  • Create multithreaded programs using threading.

  • Use time.sleep() and thread synchronization.

  • Use asyncio for asynchronous programming.

Decorators & Generators

  • Create a function decorator.

  • Chain multiple decorators.

  • Write a generator using yield.

  • Create an infinite generator.

Unit Testing

  • Write test cases using unittest.

  • Assert exceptions and edge cases.

  • Mock function calls.

Advanced Data Structures

  • Implement stack and queue using lists.

  • Create a Binary Search Tree (BST).

  • Use collections.deque, defaultdict, Counter.

  • Create a custom linked list class.

Virtual Environments & PIP

  • Create a virtual environment with venv.

  • Install and freeze dependencies with pip.

  • Share code using requirements.txt.

 

Capstone Projects

 

  • Student Record System – CRUD CLI app with file persistence.

  • Weather Dashboard – API-based GUI using tkinter.

  • Expense Tracker – CSV-based income/expense manager.

  • Todo App (OOP + File I/O) – Full-featured local task manager.

  • Blog API – Flask + SQLite backend service.

 

✅ Bonus Tracks (Optional)

 

  • Use Tkinter to build GUIs.

  • Build a Flask or Django app.

  • Connect Python to PostgreSQL with psycopg2.

  • Use matplotlib and pandas for data analysis.

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